Traditional heterogeneous firms and trade models predict no causal relationship between firms' exports and domestic sales. This paper, using a rich dataset on Turkish firms for the 2005-14 period, analyzes the relationship between firm-product sales in different markets for the first time in the...

We capitalize on the latest developments in the empirical structural gravity literature to revisit the question of whether and how much does GATT/WTO membership affect international trade. We are the first to capture the non-discriminatory nature of GATT/WTO commitments by measuring the effects...

This study examines the relationship between real domestic sales and real exports for Turkish manufacturing firms. Dynamic panel data estimations based on firm-level data for the period 2004-2014 suggest that the two variables are substitutes. Other factors held constant, we estimate that a 10...

We capitalize on the latest developments in the empirical structural gravity literature to revisit the question of whether and how much does GATT/WTO membership affect international trade. We are the first to capture the non-discriminatory nature of GATT/WTO commitments by measuring the effects...

Inclusivity is perhaps the single most important human need to facilitate and demonstrate fairness for all members in an open and free society. When this principle need is compromised by appearances of unscrupulous self-interested privileged elites to perpetuate a systemic widening disparity...

This paper explores the various non-tariff measures (NTMs) that co-exist in China and that directly influence imports into the country. Given the intensity and scope of technical measures imposed by China, the directional impacts of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) on bilateral ASEAN-China...

I present a new stylized fact from a large sample of countries for the period 2000-2006: bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are almost never observed in the absence of bilateral trade flows. I document a similar pattern using bilateral foreign affiliate sales (FAS), aggregating them...

This paper explores the impact of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on Malaysian exports to the markets of the European Union (EU), Japan and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), spanning the period 2000-2009. The empirical findings reveal the presence of a dual effect of NTMs on...

We build into a Ricardian model the role of trade in intermediate inputs, sectoral linkages and differing productivity levels across sectors. We also propose a method to estimate sectoral trade elasticities. In our model, the trade effects due to overall tariff reductions account for most of the...

A home-bias in public purchases can have non-trivial efficiency effects, especially in times of crises. Using unexplored Japanese and Swiss public procurement data over 1990-2003, we examine the presence of a home-bias by controlling for the effect of macroeconomic, political economy,...