Historically, agricultural credit programs have been used as a policy instrument to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods of smallholder farmers. The effectiveness of such credit programs has been widely deliberated with an opaque unanimity being reached since yield is stochastic....

This paper examines bank concentration, competition, and financial stability nexus across five emerging countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi) within the East African Community (EAC). The methodological approach applied provides a critical and original contribution to the...

Ninety-five percent of Kenyan coffee is exported as green coffee in the international market in Europe. As a spot market, this presents a problem in that the currency of the foreign market differs from that of the domestic country (Kenya), resulting in an exchange rate problem. Kenya has a...