This article examines continuities in the marginalization of trade unions in Hungary. Beneath the surface of party-led, bureaucratic organizations of the 'command economy', strong groups of workers engaged in informal wage bargaining with management. In the 1980s a special internal contracting...

Hungarian trade unions face both the direct consequences of economic downturn and the political challenges that are implied by the deterioration in employees’ and unions’ bargaining positions with regard to employers. This article presents the political responses of both militant and...