Municipalities may have various motives for decisions on the mode of their task execution. Empirical studies – based on … of additional motives and to test these statistically. As we find, municipalities do not regularly evaluate the service … both public choice and transaction costs theory - have not yet provided a fully comprehensive explanation for municipal …

incentives to suggest management implications directed to support motivation and performance of employees in public organizations …

difficultly of selecting workers whose motivation is aligned with the mission of the institution -- in direct contrast to evidence …-wage argument, empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that motivation is weakly increasing in wages. This paper …-wage equilibrium. Importantly, the comparative statics of motivation and wage differ between the equilibria: starting from low …

from a low-reputation to a high-reputation steady state: Importantly, the effect of wages on motivation depend on the … initial reputation - starting from low-reputation, higher wages crowd in motivation, while starting from high …-reputation, higher wages crowd out motivation. Therefore, a non-monotonic wage path is required to achieve a transition to the low …

We review the literature on public sector outsourcing to explore if the theoretical predictions from the incomplete … contracts literature hold up to recent empirical evidence. Guided by theory, we arrange services according to the type and … magnitude of their contractibility problems. The empirical studies point at rather favourable outsourcing outcomes, in terms of …