While the development of scientific theories and measurement concepts has always been strongly intertwined, model … this paper, we analyze the ontological and epistemological characteristics of such a model-based measurement device in an … implementation of measurement techniques as well as the application and interpretation of measurement outcomes. …

the measurement of the ecological footprint of human activity may be considered as the main contribution of the paper. …

conventional unit of measurement (land area) which itself is represented by a ratio scale. In this respect, our index differs from …

Introduction -- Set Theory -- Measures and Probabilities -- Random Variables -- Expectation and Lebesque Integral … introduction to the formal backgrounds of modern financial theory. It explains Brownian motion, random processes, measures, and …