This paper describes the role of government ideology on economic policy-making in the United States. I consider studies …, measurement of government ideology and empirical strategies to identify causal effects. Many studies conclude that parties do …, but these studies using data for the national level do not derive causal effects. Ideology-induced policies are prevalent …

designs, the measurement of government ideology and why the empirical studies do not and cannot derive causal effects … politics have not disappeared since the 1990s, but have certainly become less pronounced. In particular, government ideology …

We examine whether government ideology was correlated with the growth in military expenditure in Germany over the … period 1951-2011. By using various measures of government ideology, the results do not show any effect. The exception is an … ideology measure based on the Comparative Manifesto Project (Left-Right scale): using this measure, the results show that the …

Previous studies used general government data to examine whether national governments' electoral motives and ideology … governments and in election years; especially in federal states. Effects of government ideology on the individual expenditure … categories are larger at the central than general government level. Scholars need to re-examine results on ideology …

, in turn, new populist parties that offer more polarized platforms. I investigate whether government ideology influences … ideology-induced policies implemented by established parties. Dragnet- controls confine citizens’ liberties, but may help to … evaluating how government/party ideology influences individual policies, previous econometric studies ignored initiatives in …