We provide a new framework for using text as data in empirical models. The framework identifies salient information in unstructured text that can control for multidimensional heterogeneity among assets. We demonstrate the efficacy of the framework by re-examining principal-agent problems in...

The key to identifying racial price differentials in housing markets is to test whether minority and non-minority buyers pay similar prices for comparable housing. The heterogeneous nature of the residential housing market and racial sorting of buyers into neighborhoods violates the...

This paper provides new evidence of agency conflicts in securitization by documenting adverse selection in Ginnie Mae issuers' early buyout activity. Conditioning on delinquency, we find issuers buy out less risky loans with higher current interest rate spreads. We illustrate how issuers exploit...