This study successfully replicates the key findings of Campbell, Lettau, Malkiel, and Xu (2001). We document that aggregate idiosyncratic volatility increases over their sample period from 1962 to 1997. In out-of-sample analysis from 1926 to 1962 and 1998 to 2017, we find that idiosyncratic...

Recently, Fama and French (2014) document a five-factor model that includes the market and factors related to size, book-to-market, profitability and investment outperforms the three-factor model of Fama and French (1993). Using an extensive sample over the period 1982 to 2013, we investigate...

Recently, Fama and French (2014) propose a five-factor model by adding profitability and investment factors to their three-factor model. This model outperforms the three-factor model previously proposed by Fama and French (1993). Using an extensive sample over the 1982 to 2013 period, we...

The size effect, whereby small firms outperform large firms, is not only a pervasive phenomenon in financial markets but also an important pricing factor in the Fama and French models (1993; 2018). However, several studies document that the size effect in recent decades has disappeared in the US and...