Effective Marginal Tax Rates (EMTRs) reflect the interaction of the personal income tax scale, main benefits, and supplementary benefits. They show how a dollar increase in gross income translates to an increase in income in the hand (after taxation and the withdrawal of income-tested...

This paper provides an analysis of how the New Zealand tax system may be affecting residential property markets. Like most OECD countries, New Zealand does not tax the imputed rent or capital gains from owner-occupied housing. Unlike most OECD countries, since 1989 New Zealand has taxed income...

This paper argues that there is too great a reliance placed on anti-avoidance provisions, discretions reposed in the revenue, and judicially developed doctrines as a means of countering tax avoidance. In view of the difficulties in defining and countering tax avoidance, it is suggested that...

U.S. Effective marginal tax rates (EMTRs) for 2018 through 2027 are calculated for the TaxCuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). These EMTRs take account of the extension and subsequent phaseout of bonus depreciation with a methodology used by Cohen, Hansen, and Hassett (2002) toestimate the user cost of...

The present study provides estimates of the Effective Marginal Tax Rates (EMTRs) for a sample of 17 OECD countries and 11 manufacturing sectors in a single framework encompassing capital, labour and energy taxes. Our cross-country/cross-sector approach allows us comparing the incentives provided...

We investigate bunching at personal tax thresholds over a 40-year period. At kinks, where the marginal tax rate rises, we find bunching among company owner-managers and the self-employed, but not those with only employment income. Notches, where the average rate rises, provide compelling...

This paper investigates the factors that shape governments’ capacity to collect revenue. To do so, it analyses how tax revenue responds to tax rates using evidence from a panel of 34 OECD countries over 1978-2014. The estimations show that the response of revenue to rates weakens as rates...

The present study provides estimates of the Effective Marginal Tax Rates (EMTRs) for a sample of 17 OECD countries and 11 manufacturing sectors in a single framework encompassing capital, labour and energy taxes. Our cross-country/cross-sector approach allows us comparing the incentives provided...

Der steuerliche Grundfreibetrag soll dafür sorgen, dass das Existenzminimum von der Besteuerung freigestellt wird. Allerdings wird er nicht wie andere Freibeträge einfach von den Einkünften abgezogen, sondern mit Hilfe der Tarifformel vom zu versteuernden Einkommen abgesetzt. Der Autor zeigt,...

Seit dem Jahr 2016 wurde der Einkommensteuertarif jährlich an die Inflation angepasst, um die sonst automatisch steigende durchschnittliche Belastung der Einkommen - die "kalte Progression" - auszugleichen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Grundfreibetrag und Tarifeckwerte verschoben, sodass die...