This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS …), using a randomized controlled trial. The intervention was implemented at scale across rural East Java in Indonesia. CLTS … constraints faced by poorer households limit their ability to improve sanitation. We also examine the program's scale up process …

Despite the well-documented benefits of improved sanitation and washing facilities, a considerable number of people …, even in middle-income countries, still lack access to modern sanitation and home-based bathing facilities. This paper … sanitation and washing facilities. The study finds that in Kazakhstan, households with higher incomes generally have better …

We use data on a large-scale water and sanitation program in rural Mozambique, implemented between 2008 and 2013, to … investigate the complementarities between a behavior-change-based community-led total sanitation intervention and a community … water supply intervention. Our findings indicate that the sanitation intervention increased the adoption of handwashing with …

field experiment of Community-Led Total Sanitation in Indonesia, we find that villages with high initial social capital …

In Lohagara Upazila and other rural areas of Chittagong, a few NGOs have been working to resolve water, sanitation and … health (WaSH) problems. But it is still an issue of unresolved dearth of education and sufficient lucre. This paper is based …