Voluntary green electricity programs are a rich setting to study private provision of public goods. A defining feature of these programs is the type of subscription mechanism used for enrolling residential customers in the program. We collected primary data on programs’ subscription mechanisms...

The paper studies the relative effectiveness of extrinsic monetary disincentives and intrinsic non-monetary disincentives to corruption. In doing so, we also test the Beckarian prediction that at the same level of expected payoff, a low probability of detection with high penalty is a stronger...