university graduates, the role of higher education and the internal hierarchies shaping employment in the knowledge economy. The … interest to scholars and students of work and employment, higher education, youth studies and knowledge management. Maria …

The creative class approach (Florida, 2002b) has led to many developments. Therefore, measurement of creativity … people?) to dynamic approaches (what do the creative people?). Creativity mainly comes from talent (Florida, 2002a) but … cities, defined as privileged theaters of creativity (Hall, 1998). Hence, cities managing to convert micro or individuals …

. Moreover, we find that precarious forms of employment are persistent: individuals who start their careers at the bottom of the …