Purpose This study delves into the nuanced implications of short-sale constraints on stock prices within the context of stock market efficiency. While existing research has explored this relationship, inconsistencies persist in their findings. The purpose of this study is to conduct a...

The bedrock of financial economics is that there should be a tradeoff between risk and reward: an investment with low risk should have a low expected return, while one that could make you rich should also be one which could lose you a lot of money. A lot of research in finance is focused on...

This study suggests a new measure for a firm's operating cost flexibility. Flexible firms are less risky and, therefore, require lower stock returns. This analysis of 126,202 firm-year observations from the U.S. cross-section of stock returns finds that the new measure explains a negative...

Using short sell transactions data from 2010 to 2016, this paper is the first to provide a comprehensive sample of short selling initiated by retail investors. We find that retail short selling can predict negative stock returns. A trading strategy that mimics weekly retail shorting earns an...

Short rebate fees are a strong predictor of the cross-section of stock returns, both gross and net of fees. We document a large "shorting premium": the cheap-minus-expensive-to-short (CME) portfolio of stocks has a monthly average gross return of 1.31%, a net-of-fees return of 0.78%, and a 1.44%...

We examine the information contained in option trading and short selling using a dynamic VAR model. First, we address whether options and shorts are complements or substitutes. Contrary to existing event studies around option listing introductions, we show short selling and options trading are...

This study fills the literature gap by employing the longest yet-analyzed period and introduces multiple short selling proxies to explain the relationship between short selling information and bond performance. We examine short selling signals derived from bond and equity markets and find both...

I investigate whether the relation between investor sentiment and profitable trading strategies is due to short sale constraints. I find that the average security in these strategies is not hard-to-short. Furthermore, the short leg does not appear to be harder to short or more overvalued than...

This paper examines the relationship between short selling in the equity market and corporate bond returns. We show that both shorting activity and size of short trades are inversely correlated with contemporaneous bond returns. In addition, firms with heavily shorted shares or large short trade...

The study has investigated the impact of trading costs and short sale constraints on the performance of 70 stock market anomalies in Emerging Europe. While over 30 of the replicated strategies – mostly related to value, momentum, technical analysis, profitability, and issuance effects –...