Reindustrialization is gaining focus in developed countries and manufacturing is again becoming a priority in the economic policy documents of the European Union (EU). We investigate whether there is reindustrialization happening in the EU, and if so, whether the evolution of manufacturing is...

Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) to China started in 1979 and ended in 2018. It was a typical case of bilateral aid from the perspective of geographic proximity, cultural similarity, and history. According to JICA data, Japan was one of the major donors that provided aid to China...