Traders differ in speed and their speed differences matter. I model strategic interactions induced when high frequency traders (HFTs) have different speeds in an extended Kyle (1985) framework. HFTs are assumed to anticipate incoming orders and trade rapidly to exploit normal-speed traders'...

Speed hierarchy not only motivates fast trading competition on less precise information but also renders slower traders more informative. As a result, endogenous speed acquisition in equilibrium affects how information is produced and spread. When information diffusion is characterized by its...

This paper studies the price discovery dynamics in an order-driven market. Based on the transaction data on individual stocks, the paper focuses on the study of the monthly evolution of normalized volatility ratios on Euronext Paris for the CAC40 stocks before and after the implementation of the...

This paper is concerned with how a front-running high-frequency trader (HFT) influences the large trader: whether and under what conditions the latter is harmed or benefited. We study, in the extended Kyle's model, the interactions between a large informed trader and an HFT who can predict the...

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are typically considered to be passive investment vehicles designed to track a benchmark index. However, with the promulgation of the Securities and Exchange Commission's 2019 ETF Rule, funds are permitted the use of custom creation/redemption baskets. This change...

We characterize the price-transparency role of benchmarks in over-the-counter markets. A benchmark can, under conditions, raise social surplus by increasing the volume of beneficial trade, facilitating more efficient matching between dealers and customers, and reducing search costs. Although the...

We model an order book with liquidity rebates (make fees) and trading fees (take fees) that faces intermarket competition, and use the models insights to explain changes in market quality and market shares following changes in make-take fees. As predicted by our model, we document that fee...

Regulators, exchanges, and politicians are considering reining in maker-taker pricing, which is used as a competitive tool by trading venues to acquire order flow. Examining the 2013 reduction in trading fees operated by BATS on its European venues, we document significant effects on market...

This paper examines how technological innovations drive fast trading investment for both speculators and exchanges and their impact on market. The negative externality of the speed acquisition from fast speculators can result in excessive investment, which is intensified as speculators' speed...

We evaluate how the availability of trading venues affects the evolution of dark trading. We show that a regulatory restriction of dark trading at the most prominent platform has a detrimental effect on dark trading activity. Such trading decreases by over 70% over the half-a-year restriction...