The innovation capacity of Norwegian innovation system, according Triple Helix model of innovations approach, is analyzed in terms of mutual information among geographical, sectorial, and size distributions of firms as dimensions of probabilistic entropy. Negative entropies can be considered as...

The Triple Helix model of university-industry-government relations allows us to use mutual information among geographical, sectorial, and size distribution of firms to measure synergy at various geographical scales in a nation. In this paper we decompose the synergy in Triple Helix relations and...

We apply the Method of Reflections developed by Hidalgo and Hausmann for measuring economic complexity to a Triple Helix system of innovations by defining the Patent Complexity Index in analogy and addition to the Economic Complexity Index and extending MR to three dimensions. PCI is...

Economic complexity measures have been constructed on the basis of bilateral country-product network data. In this study, we submit a Ternary Complexity Index (TCI), which explicitly incorporates technological complexity as a third dimension, measured in terms of patents. TCI is based on...

The Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations can first be considered as an institutional network. However, the correlations in the patterns of relations provide another topology: that of a vector space. Meanings are provided from positions in this latter topology and from the...

Time series of US patents per million inhabitants show long waves that partially coincide with Kondratieff cycles. This wave structure can be attributed to different knowledge-generating paradigms that drive innovation systems thereof. The changes in the slopes between the waves indicate...

The model of “Open Innovations” (OI) can be compared with the "Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations" (TH) as attempts to find surplus value in bringing industrial innovation closer to public R&D. Whereas the firm is central in the model of OI, the TH adds...