The case of the Somali shilling defies the historical view that sovereign powers (i.e., legal tender status, public receivability) are necessary to explain the acceptance of fiat money at a positive value. Following the Somali state’s collapse in 1991, irredeemable paper shillings have...

This paper builds on the “dual-price monopoly money” model (Levey, 2021) which demonstrates the theory of the determination of the price level put forward by Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), by adding individual optimizing behavior. This mathematization is done not for its own sake, but as an...

Facilitating legislation is required for citizens to initiate local referendums to adopt urban property rights that provide sustainable affordable housing and infrastructure. New laws and regulations are required so official currencies do not: (a) create inefficiencies and climate change from...

Assessments of the Russian invasion of Ukraine are limited to 20th century ideas of conquest/colonialism. They are tied to ideological frameworks of human history where ill-defined concepts of liberal democracy and totalitarian states are juxtaposed as if there were established typologies of...

We reply to the critics who contributed the other papers in the same issue of this journal. In the first part of the article, we indicate those remarks addressed to us, which we deem inappropriate to answer. The second part deals with the remarks we find useful to answer, which relate to money,...

In this paper I am going to explore some of the major theoretical concepts and ideas in Luca Fantacci's work devoted to the history of money. As a historical check on Fantacci's theory I will present various moments in Russian monetary history interpreted in the light of the ideas of the La...

Based on a critical review of the leading theories of money, this paper argues that ‘money-like' assets used throughout history to finally settle obligations, including commodities and state-debt, are ‘settlement assets' and that settlement assets should be explicitly recognised as a new and...

This paper examines the causes and consequences of the current global financial crisis. It largely relies on the work of Hyman Minsky, although analyses by John Kenneth Galbraith and Thorstein Veblen of the causes of the 1930s collapse are used to show similarities between the two crises. K.W....

In this paper I first provide an overview of alternative approaches to money, contrasting the orthodox approach, in which money is neutral, at least in the long run; and the Marx-Veblen-Keynes approach, or the monetary theory of production. I then focus in more detail on two main categories: the...

This paper begins by defining, and distinguishing between, money and finance, and addresses alternative ways of financing spending. We next examine the role played by financial institutions (e.g., banks) in the provision of finance. The role of government as both regulator of private...