In modern monetary systems most money is created by commercial banks; we review how private money in the form of deposits circulates and discuss its possible tokenization. We show that a compelling case for the tokenization of bank deposits exists irrespective of the debate regarding central...

In this work Massimo Morini and Andrea Prampolini argue that KVA is a component of profit turned into a valuation adjustment as a by-product of regulatory constraints based on a conservative consideration of market hedges. The regulatory foundations of KVA are analyzed from RWAs to the Leverage...

We discuss in detail the mapping methodology for the valuation of bespoke single tranche Collateralized Debt Obligations in the context of the stochastic recovery gaussian factor modelling framework recently proposed by Amraoui and Hitier (2008)

"A guide to the validation and risk management of quantitative models used for pricing and hedging. Whereas the majority of quantitative finance books focus on mathematics and risk management books focus on regulatory aspects, this book addresses the elements missed by this literature--the risks...

We compare two different bilateral counterparty valuation adjustment (BVA) formulas. The first formula is an approximation and is based on subtracting the two unilateral Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)'s formulas as seen from the two different parties in the transaction. This formula is only a...

We show that when a derivative portfolio has different correlated underlyings, hedging using classical greeks (first-order derivatives) is not the best possible choice. We first show how to adjust greeks to take correlation into account and reduce P&L volatility. Then we embed...

The Initial Margin is an amount of collateral that CCPs and Regulators require dealers to post beside Variation Margin. Computing the funding cost associated to Initial Margin requirements, at times called MVA (Margin Value Adjustment), presents both conceptual and computational challenges. Here...

In July 2011 Risk Magazine reported that some market operators believe that in 2007 and 2008 Libor rates underestimated the real cost of funding of banks since “some banks were putting in artificially low rates” (Wood, 2011). This is currently the focus of some lawsuits and investigations....

In response to the financial crisis, a plethora of new research appeared which attempted to understand, incorporate, and delineate the most significant changes observed in the market. Editors Massimo Morini and Marco Bianchetti have both experienced first-hand how market patterns and...