This paper introduces a flexible risk decomposition method for life insurance contracts embedding several risk factors. Hedging can be naturally embedded in the framework. Although the method is applied to variable annuities in this work, it is also applicable in general to other insurance or...

The paper outlines Monte-Carlo simulation procedures for the pricing of swaptions under the discrete-time arbitrage-free Nelson-Siegel (DTAFNS) model of Eghbalzadeh et al. (2022). In particular, the forward measure dynamics of term structure factors are derived, leading to a semi-analytic...

A closed-form solution for zero-coupon bonds is obtained for a version of the discrete-time arbitrage-free Nelson-Siegel model. An estimation procedure relying on a Kalman filter is provided. The model is shown to produce adequate fit when applied to historical Canadian spot rate data and to...