China has set the goal of controlling the total energy consumption to 6 billion tonnes of standard coal by 2030 in an attempt to avoid an energy crisis. Generally, freight transportation is an energy-intensive industry. Controlling the energy consumption of freight transportation is crucial for...

Ticket allocations in a mixed ticket system (MTS) containing flexible products is a revenue management (RM) distribution method introduced from the civil aviation industry to the railways. This allocation method has been studied in recent years, but there is a need for further research to...