This paper assesses the quality of health care across African countries based on health providers' clinical knowledge, their clinic attendance, and drug availability, with a focus on seven conditions accounting for a large share of child and maternal mortality: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhea,...

Why are trade agreements regional? I address this question in a model of oligopoly featuring product variety. Tariffs have the effect of manipulating a country's terms of trade and shifting profits towards the domestic market at the expense of foreign trade partners. Countries endogenously form...

This paper sets up a two-country model of oligopoly to analyze the relationship between trade costs and trade policy cooperation. Acting non-cooperatively, the two countries are caught in a prisoner's dilemma in which import tariffs are used to improve one country's terms of trade and to shift...