What explains variation in electoral volatility? We argue that fiscal space - availability of financial resources to enact policy initiatives and provide public programs - possessed by governments can explain the level of electoral volatility. Where governments have fiscal space, citizens reward...

This study examines whether the influence of foreign ownership helps domestic firms in an emerging market economy, India, globalize their operations. The extent of operations globalization is captured as exporting behavior, which is measured as the ratio of export sales to total sales. Foreign...

It is the author's contention that state ownership influences firm performance, measured as return on assets and return on sales, only when property rights devolve fully to the state. They scrutinize data from 1,100 firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The authors show that state ownership...

Our empirical research in India shows the poor and the non-poor report different motivations for voting. The poor say they turn out to vote because it is their right while the non-poor report they vote because they expect material benefits from the state, some kind of access to the state, or...

Theorists have long argued that democratic policymakers respond to political pressures from their constituents. Although empirical work generally supports that broad contention, heterogeneity prevails both in theoretical work and empirically across country-times over exactly what comprises the...