Empirical evidence on the interaction between regular patent and second tier patent systems in advanced economies is almost non-existent. This paper studies how the abolition of the Dutch short-term patent system in June 2008 was related with the patent filing activity at the Dutch patent...

Patents and other intellectual property rights (IPR) are at the core of innovation studies. Patent attorneys and other IPR experts play an important role in drafting and filing processes yet are usually overlooked in analyses on filing activity. We conduct an exploratory case study to shed light...

We find that the demand for professional intellectual property rights (IPR) services is heterogeneous between IPR types. Applicants are most likely to hire professional representatives (IPR agents and attorneys) for patents, followed by utility models, design rights and trademarks. Individual...

We examine the role of utility models (UM) in patent filing strategies. With an extensive patent family data from European countries, we explore the structures and characteristics of patent families, which include UMs. A simple typology of patent families with UM members is introduced. We...

This study extends the analysis of the gender gap in patenting into design rights, utility model (UMs) and trademarks (TMs), which are complementary methods for protecting intellectual property. The analysis is descriptive and uses register data from the Finnish patent and registration office...

General purpose technologies (GPTs) have been important drivers of industrial revolutions and economic development, but their link to standards has not been analyzed systematically. We document that all of the most common examples of GPTs—steam, railway, electricity and information (and...