The legal treatment of resale price maintenance (RPM) in the United States had a major switch in Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., 551 U.S. 877 (2007)(Leegin). Rule of reason analysis was applied to certain category of RPM practice. While RPM in the European Union is...

Tying coerces consumers and therefore is exclusionary to competitors. In the US Microsoft case, the legal rule for assessing technical tying was the rule of reason, while in the European Union and South Korean cases, the legal rule applied against Microsoft’s parallel practices was the...

China's merger enforcement agency approved the Google/Motorola merger with conditions. This pattern of approval is not in full accordance with that in other jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union, which made unconditional approvals. This contradiction attracted ample...

Professor Louis Kaplow's proposal to abandon market definition in estimating market power has been criticised by a number of scholars. Both the proposal and its criticism were analysed theoretically. The recent Chinese case of Qihoo v. Tencent provides an empirical examination of the proposal...

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted increasing interest in large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, and high volumetric energy density. Manganese-based materials are one of most promising aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials but...

Since its inception as the cornerstone of the ultrafast pulse laser, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) have attracted considerable interest as the kernel of an ultrafast fiber laser system. Meanwhile, low-dimensional (LD) materials based saturable absorbers (SAs) are gaining...

Since its inception as the cornerstone of the ultrafast pulse laser, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) have attracted considerable interest as the kernel of an ultrafast fiber laser system. Meanwhile, low-dimensional (LD) materials based saturable absorbers (SAs) are gaining...

Software interoperability information is indispensable in establishing connections among the parts of a program and to applications and users. According to the concepts of copyright and expression dichotomy and to the prevailing consideration that the function of software interoperability...