Recent actions by the European Union reveal a shift away from traditional, topdown, command and control governance. This can be seen in the structure of traditional tools like directives, as many recent directives, especially in social policymaking, tend to be more open and flexible. But the...

Machine generated contents note: 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 The Democratic Commitments to Government -- Involvement in the Macroeconomy -- 1.3 The Evolution of the Policy Commitments and of -- A/acroeconomic Performance -- 1.4 Explaining Policy and Outcome Variation across --...