directive with the intent of increasing tax rates for fossil fuels that should contribute to achieving the EU's emission … reduction targets for 2030. Since then, climate policy challenges in the EU have been amplified by sharp increases in … numerous compensation measures for households and firms in EU member countries. In this article, we provide an overview of the …

This paper provides an overview of energy and (implicit) CO2 taxation in the EU member countries. Against the … background of the EU energy taxation directives, energy and implicit CO2 tax rates in the EU countries are discussed, focussing … be on the rise in the EU. Evidence on the economic impacts of energy and carbon taxes furthermore shows that a double …

causality test was run using the weekly stock closing data of EU natural gas prices (EUGP), Gazprom (XGASPR), and Equinor …

approach regarding the EU's trade disputes, especially for energy sector. The results show that the EU is one of the most … remain in the consultation phase, the EU being complained by Argentina, Indonesia, Russia, China and Malaysia for sectors …