We study the impact and sudden arrival of more than 3 million Syrian refugees on Turkish businesses. Our empirical design uses the exogenous variation in refugee outflows from Syria and the geographic concentration of Arabic-speaking communities in Turkey prior to the onset of the Syrian...

As has been amply documented by science and validated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming is a reality. In response to global warming, the interna- tional community has devised ambitious policies that are enshrined in the Kyoto Protocol and most recently, in the...