Background: As industry and society move towards the second decade of the deluge of advanced technologies of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) age, introduced circa 2012, it is evident that the global economy continues to grapple with a plethora of ever-intensifying disruptions and vulnerabilities that...

orldwide, chemotherapy centers that provide outpatient services face significant challenges owing to increased demand and limited resources. Therefore, outpatient chemotherapy process (OCP) optimization has attracted the attention of operations management scholars. This review seeks to provide a...