Purpose - the main goal of the paper is to examine the role of macroeconomic factors in promoting the technological development of upper-middle-income countries. Research methodology - to carry on with the investigation the paper selected the expenditure in research and development as a proxy...

Emerging nations are often distressed if their current administration and governance do not align with social and national needs. Among these worries, there is the fear of public funds misconduct and corruption in the nation's major institutions. Indeed, inadequate administration results in...

By leveraging the best of its strategic and economic advantage and investing in transportation and port facilities, Djibouti has seen amazing progress over the past ten years. However, there are reservations regarding the inclusivity and stability of this expansion in the future. The current...

Institutions are rules, guidelines, and regulations that regulate how agents participate in economic transactions, such as the purchasing and selling of commodities and services, as well as the usage of assets. They impact the objectives of major economic players in society, influencing...

The current research examines the impact of different macroeconomic indicators on Djibouti's external debt from 1990 to 2022 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The empirical model provides evidence that economic growth, trade, and government expenditure have a positive and...