In the Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP), multiple commodities are distributed in a two-echelon distribution system involving suppliers, distribution centres and customers. Each supplier may provide different commodities and each customer may request several commodities as...

Background: Milkrun-based material supply plays an important role in the automotive industry, as it is a material supply concept where high efficiency can be achieved. When implementing milkrun-based material supply, the milkrun supply of the production plant often has to be integrated with an...

Introduction -- The Family of Vehicle Routing Problems -- The Dial-a-Ride Problem -- Profits in the Dial-a-Ride Problem -- Supplementary Services Provided by Dial-a-Ride Systems -- Minimum Collaboration in Dial-a-Ride Problems with Additional Services -- Summary.