In vitro neuronal networks are a simplified and accessible model of the central nervous system. Moreover, they exhibit morphological and physiological properties and activity-dependent path-specific synaptic modification similar to the in vivo tissue. Cortical neurons grown on multi electrode...

The main objective of this report is to give an overview of the analytical strategies and modern laboratory techniques needed to perform a fast unambiguous identification and characterisation of unknown organic chemical substances such as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). The "routine"...

There is a need to integrate existing in vitro dose-response data in a coherent framework for extending their domain of applicability as well as their extrapolation potential. This integration would contribute towards the reduction of animal use in toxicology by using in vitro data for...

In this report, an integrated model including fate of contaminants and ecological models it is presented. The model has been developed for analysing the effects of contaminants at ecosystem level. The fate model was already presented in a previous report where it was implemented for the major...

A fundamental problem in ecotoxicology is the prediction of long term population and ecosystem-level effects of contaminant exposure based on dose response data of few individuals obtained over a short time period. In addition, environmental fluctuations will always affect significantly the...

In quest for ways to improve the competitiveness of the European farming businesses, farmers have long been encouraged to organise as associations or cooperatives. The continuous support provided within the Common Agricultural Policy for establishing and functioning of agricultural producers'...

The cultural and creative sectors are one of the most dynamic branches of the EU economy, fostering innovation, growth and job creation as well as social cohesion. But which cities do perform best in culture and creativity? Does the population size determine their performance? Can small and...

The cultural and creative sectors are one of the most dynamic branches of the EU economy, fostering innovation, growth and job creation as well as social cohesion. But which cities do perform best in culture and creativity? Does the population size determine their performance? Can small and...

The R&I Observatory country report 2017 provides a brief analysis of the R&I system covering the economic context, main actors, funding trends & human resources, policies to address R&I challenges, and R&I in national and regional smart specialisation strategies. Data is from Eurostat, unless...