This study examines the implications of future enlargements for the next MFF. It reviews adjustments made to the EU budget during past enlargements and estimates the budgetary costs of the accession of all current candidate and potential candidate countries (excluding Türkiye) under three...

Building on Part 1, which drawslessons from the implementation of CRII, CRII+, REACT-EU and SURE, Part 2 of this study explores alternative approaches to enhance the EU budget's capacity to respond to crises and discusses the implications of these options from the point of view of control and...

Building on Part 1, which drawslessons from the implementation of CRII, CRII+, REACT-EU and SURE, Part 2 of this study explores alternative approaches to enhance the EU budget's capacity to respond to crises and discusses the implications of these options from the point of view of control and...

As the EU grapples with successive crises, there is mounting pressure to develop swift and robust crisis response mechanisms. This study, divided into two parts, aims to enrich this discourse by examining four instruments - SURE, CRII, CRII+ and REACT-EU - introduced as a response to the...

As the EU grapples with successive crises, there is mounting pressure to develop swift and robust crisis response mechanisms. This study, divided into two parts, aims to enrich this discourse by examining four instruments - SURE, CRII, CRII+ and REACT-EU - introduced as a response to the...