heterogeneity or fractionalization index and the discrete polarization index. However, still no broad consensus is reached on which …-linear way three different aspects of ethnic diversity, namely the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance … main measures of ethnic heterogeneity are employed in the econometric literature on ethnic diversity and conflict: the Gini …

and redistribution in the study are ethnic and religious polarization and fractionalization measures. Findings – It is … found that inequality is positively associated with polarization and has an inverse-U relationship with fractionalization …

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the connection between corruption and ethnic polarization and religious … fractionalization. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of variance and regression expectation models were used to identify groups of … ethnicity for some 127 countries. …

Theoretically, polarization is associated with a higher probability of social conflict. This paper, in a microeconomic … parameters associated with the concept of polarization. This study shows that under upward monotonic preferences, longer sets of … affiliations for each individual reduce polarization, whereas under downward monotonic preferences, longer sets of the so …

In this paper, it will be shown that polarization not only depends on identification and alienation. There exist … compute it. Consistent with this idea and with the basic principles of polarization of Esteban and Ray (1994), we define a … measure of polarization as the product of three factors: the alienation-identification, the share of power of the groups and …

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we develop the measurement theory of polarization for the case in which … polarization indices that can be used to compare polarization across time or entities. Distribution-free statistical inference … results are also derived in order to ensure that the orderings of polarization across entities are not simply due to sampling …

function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due …In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion … as indicators for conflict. We show that the (equilibrium) level of conflict can be expressed as an (approximate) linear …

polarization of the countries in groups with conflicting interests. Given the predictable relationship between polarization and … conflict, it would seem logical to evaluate the degree to which the distribution of countries – for example, in terms of their … evolution over time. This paper takes the concept of polarization to explore this distribution for the period 1992–2010, looking …

accompanied by polarization and violent conflict. We illustrate this point by describing the processes of land privatization in … communities, including the possibility of polarization. We find that the support of egalitarian norms is notably strong when new …, polarization is strongest when the group with the most lucrative opportunities comprises half the population. …