Previous investigations showed that Italian university professors are the authors of a considerable share of the EPO patents owned by firms in science-based technological classes. The analysis of USPTO patents conducted in this paper confirms those results. Moreover, data collected through...

The role played in the last decades by contract research organizations (CROs) has been almost completely neglected by the economic and managerial literature. At most they are presented as firms performing routine clinical tasks, a portrait which is largely outdated and misleading. Thus the main...