efficiency of the provision of police services at the state level. …

We present evidence that more ethnically fragmented communities spend, all else equal, more on police services than … less fragmented communities. We introduce a model of spending on police services which we use to interpret the data. In … spending on police services reduces the attractiveness of committing a crime. We also assume that being a victim of crime …

property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response …

Engagement der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft reduziert werden kann, im Gegenteil: Der Ausbau von Streitkräften und Polizei …

This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … terror attacks that hit central London in July 2005. The attacks resulted in a large redeployment of police officers to … central London boroughs as compared to outer London - in fact, police deployment in central London increased by over 30 …