The distribution of the least squares and the instrumental variable estimators of the coefficients in a linear relation is noncentral student when the data are normally distributed around possibly non-constant means. This is the claim of the paper and we show for what definition of a noncentral...

We develop a model of international trade with increasing returns to scale by taking into account the possibility of cooperation among agents in an egalitarian economy. It is shown that each country gains from trade in a trading world in which there are arbitrary numbers of...