In this article we develop a tractable procedure for testing strict stationarity in a double autoregressive model and formulate the problem as testing if the top Lyapunov exponent is negative. Without strict stationarity assumption, we construct a consistent estimator of the associated top...

When the age of death is uncertain, individuals will leave bequestseven if they have no desired bequestssimply because they will hold wealth against the possibility of living longer. Bequests are accidental. Starting from a baseline level of Social Security benefits, an increase in benefits will...

Using three years of data from the 47 prefectures of Japan, we estimate behavior of households who simultaneously make discrete decisions about vehicle ownership and continuous decisions about driving distance. We use the estimated parameters to calculate elasticities and to simulate the effects...

As more households in the People's Republic of China (PRC) are lifted out of poverty, it becomes increasingly difficult to address the remaining poor by implementing traditional cash transfer programs due to inaccurate identification and the welfare dependency issue. One solution is to implement...

Previous studies on traffic congestion have emphasized supply-side instruments, such as the expansion of road capacity and improving the management of traffic. However, researchers on transportation have identified several paradoxes in which the usual remedy for congestion-expanding the road...

Zipf's law has two striking regularities: excellent fit and an exponent close to 1.0. When the exponent equals 1.0, Zipf's law collapses into the rank-size rule. This paper alters the sample size, the truncation point, and the mix of cities in the sample to analyze the Zipf exponent. Our results...