The recent Saudi Arabia's 'Vision 2030' including the National Transformation Plan has renewed the debate on the efficiency of government spending. The aim of this paper was twofold. First, to measure the relative efficiency of Saudi Arabia's public spending over the period 1988-2013 using...

This paper aimed to investigate the drivers of sovereign credit risk spreads changes in the case of four Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, and Bahrain. Specifically, we explained the changes in sovereign credit...

This paper applies the mean-variance portfolio optimization (PO) approach and the stochastic dominance (SD) test to examine preferences for international diversification versus domestic diversification from American investors' viewpoints. Our PO results imply that the domestic diversification...