Russian material losses in Ukraine. Meanwhile, the build-up of German capacities is progressing slowly. We document Germany …'s military procurement in a new Kiel Military Procurement Tracker and find that Germany did not meaningfully increase procurement … in the one and a half years after February 2022, and only accelerated it in late 2023. Given Germany's massive …

Germany has experienced tremendous growth rates in the aftermath of World War II. Since the early 1970s, growth rates … capital accumulation in Germany severely lags behind the average level of the developed countries. As this may explain the … moderate position of Germany in the group of the 25 richest countries, the developed countries in turn experience a period of …