This report argues in favour of an economics-based approach to Article 82, in a way similar to the reform of Article 81 and merger control. In particular, we support an effects-based rather than a form-based approach to competition policy. Such an approach focuses on the presence of...

This report argues in favour of an economics-based approach to Article 82, in a way similar to the reform of Article 81 and merger control. In particular, we support an effects-based rather than a form-based approach to competition policy. Such an approach focuses on the presence of...

Over the period 2015-2050 the consumption of natural gas of European OECD countries is expected to grow more than the consumption of any other energy source. Although these countries are interconnected and in most cases share a common currency, their wholesale national gas markets are highly...

Public policies in the last 20 years have promoted in Italy the investment in renewable energy sources within the framework of climate change policies. Investment in renewables received generous incentives, leading to a rapid expansion in the capacity installed. Judicial inquiries have uncovered...

This paper analyses the optimal enforcement of competition policy against collusion under asymmetric information on cartel's costs and observable prices. The implementable price schedules are increasing, and the net profits decreasing, in cartel's costs, while expected penalties are increasing...

I show that an advertising ban is more likely to increase - rather than decrease - total consumption when advertising does not bring about a large expansion of market demand at given prices and when it increases product differentiation (thus allowing firms to command higher prices). In this...

We extend the literature on exclusive dealing, which assumes that entry can occur only by installing new capacity, by allowing the incumbent and the potential entrant to merge. This uncovers new effects. First, exclusive deals can be used to improve the incumbent's bargaining position in the...

We propose a simple theory of predatory pricing, based on scale economies and sequential buyers (or markets). The entrant (or prey) needs to reach a critical scale to be successful. The incumbent (or predator) is ready to make losses on earlier buyers so as to deprive the prey of the scale it...

We propose a simple model to analyze the widespread idea that a necessary condition for firms to make foreign direct investments is that they have firm-specific advantages with respect to host country firms. We show that no such advantages are necessary to become multinationals. Further, firms...

Das Aufkommen neuer Technologien, die US-Dominanz in der Digitalisierung und insbesondere der Aufstieg Chinas zu einem Konkurrenten stellen die Industrieunternehmen Deutschlands und Europas vor große Herausforderungen. Die Politik, allen voran Deutschland und Frankreich, fordert nun einer...