There is increasing recognition that rural-urban migration has complex health effects. internationally, the migrants´ state of health has been investigated intensively, and the health status of those migrants who return to their hometowns or rural villages is now receiving greater attention....

Since China's reform and opening up, the urban economy has substantially developed, and the nation's urbanization process has advanced to gradually enter a "new normal" phase. In this process, China's population and industries continue to inundate its cities, and environmental pollution has...