This paper reviews the empirical literature on rates of return on R&D and interprets the economic significance of these estimates using a semi-endogenous growth model with a calibrated knowledge production sector. We analyse how R&D subsidies, a reduction of entry barriers for start-ups and...

This paper studies the effects of labour market reforms on the functional distribution of income in a DSGE model (Roeger et al., 2008) with skill differentiation, in which households supply three types of labour: low-, medium- and high-skilled. The households receive income from labour, tangible...

The German economy will likely contract in the first quarter of 2024 due to still heightened inflation and weak demand, which was already weighing on German economic output in 2023. Inflation, which is falling in both Germany and the euro area overall, is expected to return close to the European...

This paper re-evaluates the US external deficit which has considerably widened over the 1990s. US safe asset provision to the rest of the world is the dominant explanation for the persistent nature of the US external deficit. We suggest that apart from the safe asset hypothesis, there is an...

Die deutsche Wirtschaft hat sich zu Jahresbeginn berappelt und besser entwickelt als zunächst erwartet. Kräftig gestiegene Bauinvestitionen - wenngleich aufgrund des milden Winterwetters eher ein Strohfeuer - und starke Warenexporte halfen ihr auf die Beine und konnten die enttäuschende...

This paper evaluates the temporary VAT reduction introduced by the German government over the 3Q2020:4Q2020 as a controversial part of the COVID-19 stimulus package. Critics argue that VAT reductions are ineffective because of limited pass-through to consumer prices and during lockdown....

This paper revives the question of whether a temporary VAT change is an adequate instrument for crisis stabilization. In empirical assessments, we find that durable goods consumption fluctuates strongly over the business cycle and that VAT rate changes affect durable goods in particular....

Die vorübergehende Mehrwertsteuersenkung in der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2020 hat die Wirtschaftsleistung in Deutschland um 0,5 Prozent erhöht. Das zeigen Modellsimulationen am DIW Berlin. Der Effekt auf das Bruttoinlandsprodukt hätte sogar bei rund einem Prozent liegen können - wenn die...

This paper evaluates the temporary VAT reduction invoked by the German government over the third and fourth quarter of 2020 as part of the COVID-19 stimulus package. There is considerable controversy. Critics argue that VAT reductions are ineffective in the presence of lockdown measures in place...