This paper explores the levels of labor underpayment on both a international and multi-period framework then tests to find whether differences in underpayment are a factor of demographic characteristics, educational differences, location (urban endower. rural), or of total wealth levels.

This paper examines the link between liquidity constraints and investment behavior for German firms of different sizes from 1970 to 1986. Results indicate that medium sized firms appear to be more liquidity constrained in their investment behavior than either the smallest or largest firms in the...

With the increasing competitive importance of scientific innovations associated with the new economy it has become critical to understand the dynamics of its' firm growth during this early and potentially critical stage of development. This study analyses the relationship between firm size and...

To facilitate the transformation of the German economy from the traditional manufacturing industries towards emerging new technologies, a new segment of the Frankfurt exchange was introduced in 1997 - Der Neue Markt. This study provides evidence that not only did many new firms obtain funding...

Bank intermediated finance has been cited frequently as the preferred means for channeling funds from savers to firms. Germany is the prototypical economy where universal banks allegedly exert substantial influence over firms. Despite frequent assertions about the considerable power of German...

Bank intermediated finance has been cited frequently as the preferred means for channeling funds from savers to firms. Germany is the prototypical economy where universal banks allegedly exert substantial influence over firms. Despite frequent assertions about the considerable power of German...