R&D encompasses plenty of activities which are usually summarized under the terms of basic research, applied research and development. Although basic research is often associated with low appropriability it provides the fundamental basis for subsequent applied research and development....

Many studies investigate the relationship between R&D expenditures as an input and patents as an intermediate product or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions has been underestimated in the literature, as scholars...

Previous literature provided evidence on financing constraints for investment in R&D activities due to capital market imperfections and special features of R&D investments. Moreover, it has been shown that a shift in capital structure towards more debt, results in a reduction of R&D investments....

University research provides valuable inputs to industrial innovation. It is therefore not surprising that private sector firms increasingly seek direct access through funding public R&D. This development, however, spurred concerns about possible negative long-run effects on scientific...

University research provides valuable inputs to industrial innovation. It is therefore not surprising that private sector firms increasingly seek direct access through funding public R&D. This development, however, spurred concerns about possible negative long-run effects on scientific...

While liberalization in energy markets has been a widely successful process all over the world, incumbents often still hold a dominant position. Thus, electricity wholesale markets are subject to market surveillance. Nevertheless, consolidated findings on abusive practices of market power and...

While liberalization in energy markets has been a widely successful process all over the world, incumbents often still hold a dominant position. Thus, electricity wholesale markets are subject to market surveillance. Nevertheless, consolidated findings on abusive practices of market power and...

We investigate the influence of non-executive outside directors on firms' innovative performance for a sample of 1,393 listed firms in the EU - 15 member states plus Norway and Switzerland in the period 2005 to 2010. Our results show that the fraction of non-executive outside directors on the...

Im September 2011 hat das Bundeskartellamt eine Sektoruntersuchung des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels nach §32 e GWB eingeleitet. Im Fokus der Untersuchung sollten "die Wettbewerbsbedingungen auf den Märkten für die Beschaffung von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln durch die Unternehmen des...

Seit der Fernbusliberalisierung im Januar 2013 hat eine starke Durchdringung des Marktes für Personenverkehr durch Fernbusse stattgefunden. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass bereits zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt Wettbewerbseffekte auf den Schienenpersonenfernverkehr feststellbar sind. Dies lässt sich vor...