This paper provides estimates of the economic impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China and India for the … five main NCDs will total USD 27.8 trillion for China and USD 6.2 trillion for India (in 2010 USD). For both countries, the … that the costs are much larger in China than in India mainly because of China's higher income and older population. Rough …

is among children in India and China, and is larger in Sub-Saharan Africa than in India and China. We show that the … children. In contrast, 'flow estimates' suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it … different stock and flow measure results rely on the choice of the reference standard for mortality and an incomplete correction …

is among children in India and China, and is larger in Sub-Saharan Africa than in India and China. We show that the … children. In contrast, `flow estimates' suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it … different stock and flow measure results rely on the choice of the reference standard for mortality and an incomplete correction …

is among children in India and China, and is larger in Sub-Saharan Africa than in India and China. We show that the … children. In contrast, 'flow estimates' suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it … different stock and flow measure results rely on the choice of the reference standard for mortality and an incomplete correction …

among children in India, that gender bias in mortality is larger in Sub‐Saharan Africa than in China and India, and that … applied to settings where the overall disease and mortality environment differ greatly; the attempt to control for the disease … apply a new 'flow' measure of 'missing women' to estimate the extent of gender bias in mortality in developing countries …

yearly excess female deaths, referred to as the 'flow of missing women', suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger …), is as severe among adults as it is among children in India, and is larger in Sub-Saharan Africa than in South and East … Asia. We argue that these findings largely rely on the choice of the reference standard for sex-specific mortality and an …

yearly excess female deaths, referred to as the 'flow of missing women', suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger …), is as severe among adults as it is among children in India, and is larger in Sub-Saharan Africa than in South and East … Asia. We argue that these findings largely rely on the choice of the reference standard for sex-specific mortality and an …