important precedent in the world of data protection law. Building upon the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC), the GDPR has …

local discretion), and then on its location on the policy space (the federal directive). Finally, each state votes on its …-off between flexibility and policy harmonization. We show that at the voting equilibrium, the federal directive is negatively …

-level imports by country of origin and distinguish betweenfirm-level outsourcing of nal versus intfirmediate goods. Results indicate … that, both industry-level import competition andfirm-level outsourcing to China reducefirm employment growth and induce … skill upgrading. In contrast, industry-level imports have no e ect on Belgianfirm survival, whilefirm-level outsourcing of …

This paper analyses how international outsourcing has affected the relative demand for low skilled workers in Germany … disentangle international outsourcing and trade in final goods more accurately. The main finding is that during the 1990s … international outsourcing had a significant negative impact on the relative demand for low-skilled workers, explaining between 19 …

We study ex post outsourcing of production in an imperfectly discriminating contest, interpreted here as a research … tournament or a procurement contest for being awarded some production contract. We find that the possibility of outsourcing …, outsourcing reduces the procurement costs of inducing a given level of effort if the contest organizer can collect entry fees …

One issue the literature neglects is how outsourcing stimulates trade (imports, exports and foreign direct investment …

investigate how workers' labour market transitions are affected by international outsourcing. In order to do so, we estimate … out of the labour force. Outsourcing is found to have no significant impact on job stability in the manufacturing sector … effect of outsourcing varies across skill levels. An analysis of the different labour market flows shows that labour market …