We provide an update on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for cash and the use of methods of payment based on data from the Bank Note Distribution System and from consumer surveys conducted in April and August 2021. Our key findings are as follows: Cash in circulation remained high...

We use consumer surveys conducted in April, July and November 2020 to study how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the demand for cash and the use of various methods of payment. Continuing from Chen et al. (2020, 2021), we use data from the Bank Note Distribution System (BNDS) to track how the...

We conduct a follow-up to Chen et al. (2020) and study demand for and use of cash after the containment measures imposed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic were relaxed during the summer of 2020. We find that bank notes in circulation continued to rise in July due to ongoing cash...

The convenience and rapidity of financial leasing modes in the peer-to-peer (P2P) platform enable small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to solve financing problems. The core of risk management in the P2P platform is to improve the quality of the docking assets. Therefore, the purpose of this...

We present results from the 2021 Methods-of-Payment (MOP) Survey, including updated payment shares based on a three-day shopping diary. We highlight long-term trends observed across previous MOP surveys from 2009, 2013 and 2017. We also review patterns of the management and use of cash, the...

Consumer spending declined significantly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This negative shock likely reduced spending across all methods of payment (cash, debit, credit, etc.). As well, the mix of payment methods that consumers use could also be affected. This paper is a first step in...

A well-known feature of one-good, multi-agent, Arrow-Debreu economies with identical additively-separable, homothetic preferences is that the consumptions of all agents are perfectly correlated. Such economies are widely used in interpreting business cycles but seem to be inconsistent with...

We examine the behavior of forward and spot exchange rates from the perspective of the representative agent theory of asset pricing. We verify that with moderate risk aversion and time-additive preferences the theory accounts for very little (by our calculations, less than 5 percent) of the...

This paper assesses the ability of general equilibrium models of asset pricing using two recently developed sets of preferences to quantitatively account for the observed variability in the Canadian term structure of interest rates. the preference structures are non-expected utility and habit...

This paper evaluates the finite sample performance of various tests for cointegration by Monte Carlo methods. The evaluation takes place within the linear quadratic model. The results indicate sharp differences in the tests to detect cointegrating relations especially when the cost of adjustment...