This paper deals with a two-layer supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer for single-type product. The demand function of the end customers depends on quality, warranty, and sales price of the product. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailers are maximized...

Inventory management is becoming very challenging for the retailer over the years due to the uncertainty in the demand and supply of products in financial risk and management systems. In a competitive market, running a business smoothly in a highly suitable place is day by day becoming tough due...

Recycling of products has a great impact on contemporary sustainable business strategies. In this study, a sustainable recycling process in a production-inventory model for an imperfect production system with a fixed ratio of recyclable defective products is introduced. The piecewise constant...

In the inventory theory, to treat the uncertainty, the fuzzy set concept is used in order to provide a feasible approach to deal with the uncertainty problem. In this research work, a fuzzy economic production quantity model with interactive fuzzy demands is proposed. In a production process, in...

In recent times, in the literature of inventory management there exists a notorious interest in production-inventory models focused on imperfect production processes with a deterministic time horizon. Nevertheless, it is well-known that there is a high influence and impact caused by the learning...