In this paper we consider and evaluate NGA architectures which meet the foreseeable future bandwidth demand and allow for highest bandwidth and quality for end-users and which no longer rely on copper cable elements. These are FTTH architectures only. From all available FTTH architectures we...

VDSL and G.fast Vectoring are transmission technologies over copper access line pairs enabling the transmission of higher bandwidth to the end customers, but harm the infrastructure based competition using physical unbundled copper lines. Thus regulators have to decide between infrastructure...

Termination of a telephone call can only be realized by the network operator of the receiving party. For this reason, the markets for fixed and mobile call termination are regulated ex-ante including price control. To determine the costs of call termination the current regulatory regime...

It is common knowledge that Next Generation Access (NGA) networks require significant investments and that for many regions, especially in more rural areas, there is no viable business case. Taking note of the broadband strategies formulated by European governments the deployment cost is...