Overlapping free trade agreements (FTAs) have given rise to hub-and-spoke FTAs that may promote trade by giving an export advantage to the FTA hub country. We empirically investigate the effect of hub-and-spoke FTAs on trade using panel data consisting of 99 countries and covering the period...

This paper empirically examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Korean manufacturing firms and the servicification of domestic employment using a firm-level panel data. In this study, considering the issue of low productivity in the Korean service sector, we...

In this paper, we study the implications of climate change on fiscal sustainability and inequality. First, using rich panel data, we show that rising climate-related disaster risks increase government debt and harm fiscal sustainability. We also find that the adverse effect of disaster risks is...

We analyze the relationship between climate risk and fiscal space in a systematic and rigorous way. To do so, we use panel local projections to examine the role of political stability and financial development in the relationship. For a sample of 199 economies in 1990-2022, we first empirically...

How did developing Asian economies perform with respect to tax revenue mobilization before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic? An analysis of data from developing Asia suggests that both short-run and long-run tax buoyancies, a measure of how tax revenue responds to gross...

What are the salient features of developing Asia's tax revenues and public expenditures? How do these compare with other economies and how have they been affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic? To analyze these issues we assemble data across economies drawing on a range of...

We examine the adverse impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the performance of more than 12,000 firms in 32 countries along several dimensions; namely, revenue, production, and labor outcomes. We find that the majority of firms experienced permanent or temporary closures, decreased sales...

Although entrepreneurship plays a key role in economic development, it remains largely unknown. The reason is that it is challenging to measure entrepreneurship objectively and identify its determinants. In this paper, we analyze the effect of a particular feature of the institutional landscape,...

Entrepreneurship, or the activity of starting and running a business, is a vital ingredient of economic growth and development. Entrepreneurs contribute to innovation, and they are central to dynamic Schumpeterian competition and broader economic dynamism. In this paper, we contribute to the...

During decades of market development, the individual financial markets of the member economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have been progressively incorporated into regional and international markets. The aim of this study is to explore and measure the strength and...